Targeting tumour vasculature as a cancer treatment

Modelling blood flow and capillary growth in tumours has been the focus of several research groups with the aim of generating theoretical models that can be used to predict biological behaviour within these systems. Since dysfunctional angiogenesis is seen in a wide range of pathological conditions ranging from cardiovascular, to arthritis, to diabetes, it is easy to see how these models may have a far-reaching influence on future therapeutic strategies. One major area of anti-cancer treatment is the targeting of the tumour blood vessels. Paradoxically, different approaches taken in angiogenic therapy have different aims. Prevention of new vessel growth, or disruption of existing vessels, are both aimed at preventing sufficient oxygen and nutrients to reach the tumour. However, since drug delivery to tumours is often very poor, due to the disorganised architecture of the tumour vessels, one suggested strategy is to improve circulation within a tumour through “normalisation” of the vasculature which results in more effective anti-tumour drug delivery. There are currently no theoretical models of vessel regression or vascular disruption even though both are actively targeted by tumour therapies. This article will give an overview of the different mechanisms targeted by different anti-angiogenic strategies and highlight areas that may benefit from the development of predictive theoretical models.